Defining Empathy project

Center for Building a Culture of Empathy

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Empathy Definitions

Lidewij has been working on this model.
A walk through and discuss the outline - Thought this would be a way of approaching it.
Discuss each point

	Title		Feeling	Metaphor	Exercises
	Empathy	'Wheel of Empathy' and "Feel of Empathy".		Cornucopia Disco Balls
				reciprocal
		Jonathan	excitement good bad rich, exciting. anxious	driving with Riverview Mirrors see the future and the past.
Basic Empathy
	Self Empathy
					guided mediation
	Mirrored Empathy


Extended Empathy

	Reflective Empathy


	Imaginative Empathy


	Empathic Arising


	Empathic Creativity


	Empathic Action

'These Things Called Empathy', Daniel Batson
(from The Social Neuroscience of Empathy,

"The term empathy is currently applied to more than a half-dozen phenomena.

1. Knowing another persons internal state, Including thoughts and feelings
2. Adopting the posture or matching the neural responses of an observed other
3. Coming to feel as another person feels
4. Intuiting or projecting oneself into another's situation
5. Imagining how another is thinking and feeling
6. Imagining how one would think and feel in the other's place
7. Feeling distress at witnessing another person's suffering
8. Feeling for another person who is suffering (empathic concern) An other-oriented emotional response elicited by and congruent with the perceived welfare of someone in need. Includes feeling sympathy, compassion, tenderness and the like (i.e. feeling for the other, and not feeling as the other)"

Definitions (working)

1. Knowing another persons internal state, Including thoughts and feelings
- Empathy - (Preston, De Waal,)
- Cognitive empathy - (Eslinger)
- Empathic accuracy - (Ickes)
2. Adopting the posture or matching the neural responses of an observed other
- facial empathy - (Gordon)
- Motor mimicry - (Dimberg....)
- imitation - (Lipps, Tichner)
- mimicked neural representation - (De Waal)
3. Coming to feel as another person feels
- emotion catching
- Philosophers
  - sympathy
  - emotional contagion
  - affective empathy
  - automatic emotional empathy
4. Intuiting or projecting oneself into another's situation
- einfuhlung - aesthetic projection
- Wispe - aesthetic empathy
5. Imagining how another is thinking and feeling
- imagine-other perspective (Batson) - feeling into?
  - > leads to empathic concern > Compassion (OBAMA)
  - > Can lead to taking advantage of others.
- Stotland - 'imagine him'
- Batson - 'imagine other'
- Carl Rodgers - empathic listening????
- Marshall Rosenberg - empathic listening, reflective listening, needs guessing????
6. Imagining how one would think and feel in the other's place
- imagine-self perspective (Batson) - role taking?
- metaphor - is this standing in shoes???? looking through their eyes??
- Adam Smith - changing places of fancy
- Mead - role taking?
- Cognitive empathy - (Povinelli)
- perspective taking - (Piagtian)
- mental simulation - (Goldman)
- projecting oneself into the others situation
7. Feeling distress at witnessing another person's suffering (a reaction)
- Hoffman - empathic distress
- Batson - personal distress
- distressed by the state of the other.
- (sensitivity to their suffering)
8. Feeling for another person who is suffering (a reaction)
- (empathic concern)
- Hume - sympathy or pity
- Hoffman - 'sympathetic distress'
- sympathy - De Waal, Eisenberg. etc